Understanding Removal Proceedings: What to Expect in Immigration Court

Arzoo Connor • October 24, 2025

Understanding Removal Proceedings: What to Expect in Immigration Court

If you’ve received a Notice to Appear in immigration court, it’s normal to feel anxious and uncertain. Removal proceedings can determine whether you are allowed to stay in the United States, and the process may seem intimidating at first. By learning what to expect, you can approach your case with greater clarity and prepare for the steps ahead.


What Are Removal Proceedings?
Removal proceedings are the formal legal process the U.S. government uses to determine whether a non-citizen can remain in the country or must be deported. These hearings are held before an immigration judge, and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) acts as the government’s attorney.

Common reasons people may face removal proceedings include:

  • Overstaying a visa
  • Entering the U.S. without authorization
  • Violating the terms of a visa
  • Facing certain criminal charges


The Notice to Appear (NTA)
The process usually begins with a Notice to Appear, which outlines why the government believes you should be removed from the country. The NTA includes details such as:

  • The allegations made against you
  • The section of the law you are accused of violating
  • The date, time, and location of your first hearing


Types of Hearings in Immigration Court

  1. Master Calendar Hearing
    This is the first court date. It is typically short and focuses on scheduling and preliminary matters. During this hearing, the judge explains the charges, asks how you plead to the allegations, and schedules future hearings.
  2. Individual Hearing
    At this stage, your full case is heard. Both you (and your attorney, if you have one) and the government attorney will present evidence, witnesses, and arguments. The judge will then make a decision regarding your case.


Possible Defenses and Relief Options
Not every person in removal proceedings will be ordered deported. Depending on your situation, there may be legal defenses or forms of relief available, such as:

  • Applying for asylum or withholding of removal
  • Requesting cancellation of removal for certain permanent residents or non-residents
  • Seeking adjustment of status if you are eligible for a green card
  • Applying for waivers of inadmissibility in specific circumstances

Each case is different, so the relief available depends on your immigration history, family ties, and other factors.


What to Expect From the Judge’s Decision
After your hearing, the immigration judge will either grant relief or issue an order of removal. If you disagree with the decision, you may have the right to appeal to the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA).


Why Guidance Matters
Immigration court can feel overwhelming, especially if you are unsure of your rights and options. Having someone by your side to explain each step, prepare documents, and represent your interests can make the process less confusing and help you avoid mistakes.


How ARC Legal Services Can Help
At ARC Legal Services, LLC in Fort Worth, Attorney Arzoo Connor helps clients facing removal proceedings understand their options and build strong defenses. She works closely with you to prepare for court and provides clear communication throughout the process, so you never feel left in the dark.



Take the Next Step Today
If you or a loved one is in removal proceedings, don’t wait to get the support you need. Your future in the United States may depend on the choices you make now.

Call ARC Legal Services, LLC today at 469-848-4151 to schedule a consultation and take the first step toward protecting your future.

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I've had this conversation more times than I can count. Someone comes in, stressed, and walks me through their situation. They had a run-in with the law a couple of years back. Nothing major, they say. They hired a criminal attorney, took a plea deal, got the records expunged. Their attorney told them they were good. Their family told them they were good. They even found someone in a Facebook group who went through the same thing and came out fine. So they moved on. Until a green card application came up, or a renewal, or a petition for a family member. Now they're sitting across from me. And I have to tell them the thing nobody told them before: expungement means nothing in immigration court. The look is always the same. Disbelief, then the slow weight of what that actually means. Two Systems. Two Very Different Rules. Here's what a lot of people don't know, and honestly, what a lot of criminal attorneys don't fully think about either. The criminal justice system and the immigration system are separate. Completely. What fixes your record in one does not fix it in the other. When a criminal record gets expunged, the state is saying it didn't happen. You can say no on job applications. It won't show on most background checks. That matters and it's a real relief. But immigration law runs on federal rules. And under those rules, that arrest, that plea, that conviction it still happened. USCIS can see it. An immigration judge can weigh it. Depending on the charge, it can affect a visa application, a green card, even whether someone ends up in removal proceedings. It is not a technicality. It is just how these two systems work. And not knowing it can cost someone everything. The Case I Keep Thinking About I'll walk you through a real situation. Details are changed, but the facts are ones I see all the time. A client came to me after being arrested a few years earlier for possession of a weapon. Not a U.S. citizen. His criminal attorney was good, got him a plea deal, record got expunged. Case closed. Nobody brought in an immigration attorney because from the criminal side, there was nothing left to do. Then he went to apply for his green card. That charge came up. And because of how immigration law handles weapons offenses, it created a real problem. One that would have been a lot easier to deal with, maybe even avoidable, if I had been in the room before he signed that plea. This is something I want people to hear: I work with criminal attorneys regularly . When I get involved before a plea is entered, we can sometimes push for a lower charge, or frame the plea in a way that does less damage on the immigration side. Not every time. But enough times that it matters. And that difference is someone staying here with their kids or not. Once the plea is signed, the options get a lot harder. You work with what's there. Why This Keeps Happening I'm not blaming criminal attorneys. Most of them are good at their job. But immigration law moves fast, the rules keep changing, and it is hard to track unless it is all you do. They are focused on the criminal case. That is what they should be focused on. The problem is nobody thinks to ask. When you're scared and just arrested, you call a criminal attorney. That is the right move. But if you are not a U.S. citizen, you need to tell that attorney immediately. And a good criminal attorney, when they hear that, should call someone like me before advising you on any deal. Then there is social media. I cannot tell you how many people come in after reading a post from someone who swears their expungement cleared everything for immigration too. Maybe that person's charge was different. Maybe their status was different. Maybe they just got lucky and don't know it yet. Immigration cases are not the same. What worked for one person can absolutely wreck another. What to Do If This Sounds Familiar If you are not a U.S. citizen and you have a criminal record, even something minor, even something expunged, even something dismissed, talk to an immigration attorney before you file anything. Don't assume it was taken care of. Find out for sure. If you are dealing with criminal charges right now, tell your criminal attorney you have immigration concerns. Ask them to get on the phone with an immigration attorney before you accept any deal. Any attorney who takes their job seriously will do that without hesitation. And if someone in a group chat or a comment thread told you your expungement fixed your immigration situation, please don't treat that as legal advice. Come in and let us actually look at your case. One Conversation Can Change a Lot I do this work because it is personal to me. My family came here in 1996. I became a citizen in the middle of my first year of law school. Everyone in my office has been through their own version of this process. We know what is actually at stake for the people who sit across from us. My consultations run 45 minutes to 1 hour. I go through every option, what it costs, what the timeline looks like, what the risks are. If I can't help you, I will tell you straight and explain why. I turn people away regularly. But at least they leave knowing exactly where they stand. It costs $50 to come in. If you have a criminal matter in your past and an immigration case anywhere in your future, that is a conversation worth having now , not when something has already gone wrong. Ready to talk? Call ARC Legal Services (469) 200-0158 or reach out online. We respond the same day.
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